Pollution In Water


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Pollution In Water

Fresh Water Pollution: Pollution of rivers,steams, ponds and lakes is mainly caused by the discharge of the following:

Industrial Waste Materials: These mainly come from factories. There is a wide variety of this waste,for example: cyanides; compounds of mercury, copper, and lead. These are poisonous to aquatic animals and plants. These persistent poisons accumulate in the bodies of aquatic animals, such as fish, and the animals, which feed on them, such as water birds. These poisons also affect humans when they eat the Pollution of rivers, steams, ponds and lakes is mainly caused by the discharge of the following: affected fish.

Untreated Sewage: In the efficient sewage treatment works, the efluent is made harmless before being discharged, but if the works become overloaded or fail to function properly, untreated sewage is released. Such sewage may contain human pathogens. It may also lead to eutrophication.

Eutrophication: Eutrophication is a condition caused by a sudden increase in the amount of nutrients in a lake or pond. The effects on the lake and its flora and fauna are as follows: There is a sudden increase in the rate of growth of the green plants (mainly algae). They quickly form a dense mat covering the surface of the lake. When the algae complete their life cycle and begin to die, aerobic decomposers become very active; they soon use up all the available oxygen in the water, so most of the fauna, including hsh, die from lack of oxYgen. Usually there is not enough oxygen for the bacteria to complete the decomposition of the algae. The semi-decomposed remains of the algae sink to the bottom of the lake, where they form an  oxygen-deficient mud. Even if no further pollution occurs, the lake may take several years to recover to the stage where animals like fish can live in it again.

Agricultural Waste Materials: When fertilisers, insecticides, or pesticides are used in large amounts, the excess may drain into neighbouring fresh water. Insecticides and pesticides can kill aquatic animals. Usage of fertilisers can cause eutrophication.

Sea-Water Pollution: Oil is the main pollutant of the sea and seashore. Oil often escapes when oil tankers are loaded and unloaded, and may release in large quantities when an oil tanker is wrecked. Oil causes the death of sea birds; either by poisoning them or by making their feathers stick together and making them unable to fly. When washed up on shore, oil also kills most of the plants and animals living there. Large amounts of untreated sewage, which may contain human pathogens, are also discharged daily round the coasts. This again is a source of pollution.

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